PostgreSQL (FREE SELF)

This page contains information about PostgreSQL the GitLab Support team uses when troubleshooting. GitLab makes this information public, so that anyone can make use of the Support team's collected knowledge.

WARNING: Some procedures documented here may break your GitLab instance. Use at your own risk.

If you're on a paid tier and aren't sure how to use these commands, contact Support for assistance with any issues you're having.

Other GitLab PostgreSQL documentation

This section is for links to information elsewhere in the GitLab documentation.

Procedures

• Connect to the PostgreSQL console.

• Omnibus database procedures including:

  • SSL: enabling, disabling, and verifying.
  • Enabling Write Ahead Log (WAL) archiving.
  • Using an external (non-Omnibus) PostgreSQL installation; and backing it up.
  • Listening on TCP/IP as well as or instead of sockets.
  • Storing data in another location.
  • Destructively reseeding the GitLab database.
  • Guidance around updating packaged PostgreSQL, including how to stop it from happening automatically.

• Information about external PostgreSQL.

• Running Geo with external PostgreSQL.

• Upgrades when running PostgreSQL configured for HA.

• Consuming PostgreSQL from within CI runners.

• Using Slony to update PostgreSQL.

  • Uses replication to handle PostgreSQL upgrades if the schemas are the same.
  • Reduces downtime to a short window for switching to the newer version.

• Managing Omnibus PostgreSQL versions from the development docs.

• PostgreSQL scaling

  • Including troubleshooting gitlab-ctl patroni check-leader and PgBouncer errors.

• Developer database documentation, some of which is absolutely not for production use. Including:

  • Understanding EXPLAIN plans.

Troubleshooting/Fixes

• GitLab database requirements, including

  • Support for MySQL was removed in GitLab 12.1; migrate to PostgreSQL.
  • Required extension: pg_trgm
  • Required extension: btree_gist

• Errors like this in the production/sidekiq log; see: Set default_transaction_isolation into read committed:

  ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid PG::TRSerializationFailure: ERROR:  could not serialize access due to concurrent update

• PostgreSQL HA replication slot errors:

  pg_basebackup: could not create temporary replication slot "pg_basebackup_12345": ERROR:  all replication slots are in use
  HINT:  Free one or increase max_replication_slots.

• Geo replication errors including:

  ERROR: replication slots can only be used if max_replication_slots > 0
  
  FATAL: could not start WAL streaming: ERROR: replication slot "geo_secondary_my_domain_com" does not exist
  
  Command exceeded allowed execution time
  
  PANIC: could not write to file 'pg_xlog/xlogtemp.123': No space left on device

• Checking Geo configuration, including:

  • Reconfiguring hosts/ports.
  • Checking and fixing user/password mappings.

• Common Geo errors.

• Mismatch in pg_dump and psql versions:

  Dumping PostgreSQL database gitlabhq_production ... pg_dump: error: server version: 13.3; pg_dump version: 14.2
  pg_dump: error: aborting because of server version mismatch

  To fix this, see Backup and restore a non-packaged PostgreSQL database.

• Deploying PostgreSQL on Azure Database for PostgreSQL - Flexible Server may result in an error stating extension "btree_gist" is not allow-listed for "azure_pg_admin" users in Azure Database for PostgreSQL

  To resolve the above error, allow-list the extension prior to install.

Support topics

Database deadlocks

References:

• Issue #1 Deadlocks with GitLab 12.1, PostgreSQL 10.7.
• Customer ticket (internal) GitLab 12.1.6 and Google doc (internal).
• Issue #2 deadlocks can occur if an instance is flooded with pushes. Provided for context about how GitLab code can have this sort of unanticipated effect in unusual situations.

ERROR: deadlock detected

Three applicable timeouts are identified in the issue #30528; our recommended settings are as follows:

deadlock_timeout = 5s
statement_timeout = 15s
idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = 60s

Quoting from issue #30528:

"If a deadlock is hit, and we resolve it through aborting the transaction after a short period, then the retry mechanisms we already have will make the deadlocked piece of work try again, and it's unlikely we'll deadlock multiple times in a row."

NOTE: In Support, our general approach to reconfiguring timeouts (applies also to the HTTP stack) is that it's acceptable to do it temporarily as a workaround. If it makes GitLab usable for the customer, then it buys time to understand the problem more completely, implement a hot fix, or make some other change that addresses the root cause. Generally, the timeouts should be put back to reasonable defaults after the root cause is resolved.

In this case, the guidance we had from development was to drop deadlock_timeout or statement_timeout, but to leave the third setting at 60s. Setting idle_in_transaction protects the database from sessions potentially hanging for days. There's more discussion in the issue relating to introducing this timeout on GitLab.com.

PostgresSQL defaults:

• statement_timeout = 0 (never)
• idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = 0 (never)

Comments in issue #30528 indicate that these should both be set to at least a number of minutes for all Omnibus GitLab installations (so they don't hang indefinitely). However, 15s for statement_timeout is very short, and will only be effective if the underlying infrastructure is very performant.

See current settings with:

sudo gitlab-rails runner "c = ApplicationRecord.connection ; puts c.execute('SHOW statement_timeout').to_a ;
puts c.execute('SHOW deadlock_timeout').to_a ;
puts c.execute('SHOW idle_in_transaction_session_timeout').to_a ;"

It may take a little while to respond.

{"statement_timeout"=>"1min"}
{"deadlock_timeout"=>"0"}
{"idle_in_transaction_session_timeout"=>"1min"}

These settings can be updated in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb with:

postgresql['deadlock_timeout'] = '5s'
postgresql['statement_timeout'] = '15s'
postgresql['idle_in_transaction_session_timeout'] = '60s'

Once saved, reconfigure GitLab for the changes to take effect.

NOTE: These are Omnibus GitLab settings. If an external database, such as a customer's PostgreSQL installation or Amazon RDS is being used, these values don't get set, and would have to be set externally.

Temporarily changing the statement timeout

WARNING: The following advice does not apply in case PgBouncer is enabled, because the changed timeout might affect more transactions than intended.

In some situations, it may be desirable to set a different statement timeout without having to reconfigure GitLab, which in this case would restart Puma and Sidekiq.

For example, a backup may fail with the following errors in the output of the backup command because the statement timeout was too short:

pg_dump: error: Error message from server: server closed the connection unexpectedly

You may also see errors in the PostgreSQL logs:

canceling statement due to statement timeout

To temporarily change the statement timeout:

1. Open /var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-rails/etc/database.yml in an editor

2. Set the value of statement_timeout to 0, which sets an unlimited statement timeout.

3. Confirm in a new Rails console session that this value is used:

   sudo gitlab-rails runner "ActiveRecord::Base.connection_config[:variables]"

4. Perform the action for which you need a different timeout (for example the backup or the Rails command).

5. Revert the edit in /var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-rails/etc/database.yml.