diff --git a/routes/routes.js b/routes/routes.js
index 0d369f37fa9d57743694528f016c9db8a1d469fb..0b0d2c03c17409649971c70ca718e085dcd0c0dd 100644
--- a/routes/routes.js
+++ b/routes/routes.js
@@ -63,40 +63,40 @@ module.exports = function (app, config, passport) {
     res.send(JSON.stringify(req.flash('test')));
   });
   */
-  app.get('/', function (req, res) {
-    res.redirect('/profile')
+  app.get('./', function (req, res) {
+    res.redirect('./profile')
   });
 
-  app.get('/login',
+  app.get('./login',
     passport.authenticate(config.passport.strategy,
       {
-        successRedirect: '/',
-        failureRedirect: '/login'
+        successRedirect: './',
+        failureRedirect: './login'
       })
   );
 
   app.post(config.passport.saml.path,
     passport.authenticate(config.passport.strategy,
       {
-        failureRedirect: '/',
+        failureRedirect: './',
         failureFlash: true
       }),
     function (req, res) {
-      res.redirect('/');
+      res.redirect('./');
     }
   );
 
-  app.get('/profile', function (req, res) {
+  app.get('./profile', function (req, res) {
     if (req.isAuthenticated()) {   
       res.render('profile', {
         user: req.user // useful for view engine, useless for HTML
       });
     } else {
-      res.redirect('/login');
+      res.redirect('./login');
     }
   });
 
-  app.get('/services', function (req, res) {
+  app.get('./services', function (req, res) {
     if (req.isAuthenticated()) {
       async.waterfall([
         // get userId by email from userdb
@@ -156,21 +156,21 @@ module.exports = function (app, config, passport) {
         }
       ])
     } else {
-      res.redirect('/login');
+      res.redirect('./login');
     }
   });
 
-  app.get('/security', function (req, res) {
+  app.get('./security', function (req, res) {
     if (req.isAuthenticated()) {
       res.render('security', {
         user: req.user // useful for view engine, useless for HTML
       });
     } else {
-      res.redirect('/login');
+      res.redirect('./login');
     }
   });
 
-  app.post('/updateProfile', function (req, res) {
+  app.post('./updateProfile', function (req, res) {
     var userData = {
       title: req.body.inputTitle,
       firstname: req.body.inputFirstname,
@@ -195,13 +195,13 @@ module.exports = function (app, config, passport) {
         })
       }
     } else {
-      res.redirect('/login');
+      res.redirect('./login');
     }
   });
 
   // todo: user registration with captcha
   
-  app.post('/changePwd', function (req, res) {
+  app.post('./changePwd', function (req, res) {
     if (req.isAuthenticated()) {
       var currPwd = req.body.inputCurrPwd
       var newPwd = req.body.inputNewPwd
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ module.exports = function (app, config, passport) {
       // Load hashed passwd from DB.
       dbconn.user.query('SELECT password FROM user WHERE email="'+req.user.email+'"', function (err, rows, fields) {
         if (err) {
-          res.redirect('/500')
+          res.redirect('./500')
           throw err
         }
         var userPwd = rows[0].password
@@ -218,16 +218,16 @@ module.exports = function (app, config, passport) {
         // check if the password is correct
         bcrypt.compare(currPwd, userPwd, function(err, isMatch) {
           if (err) {
-            res.redirect('/500')
+            res.redirect('./500')
             throw err
           }
           else if (!isMatch) {
             req.flash('error', "Sorry, your password was incorrect. Please double-check your password.")
-            res.redirect('/security')
+            res.redirect('./security')
           } else {
             if ( newPwd != retypePwd ) {
               req.flash('error', "Passwords do no match. Please make sure you re-type your new password correctly.")
-              res.redirect('/security')
+              res.redirect('./security')
             }
             else {
               // update password
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ module.exports = function (app, config, passport) {
                       req.flash('success', "Pasword updated!")
                       console.log('pasword updated!')
                     }
-                    res.redirect('/security')
+                    res.redirect('./security')
                   })
                 });
               });
@@ -251,11 +251,11 @@ module.exports = function (app, config, passport) {
         })
       })
     } else {
-      res.redirect('/login');
+      res.redirect('./login');
     }
   });
 
-  app.get('/forgotPwd', function (req, res) {
+  app.get('./forgotPwd', function (req, res) {
     res.render('forgotPwd', {
       user: req.user
     });
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ module.exports = function (app, config, passport) {
     text: ""
   };
 
-  app.post('/forgotPwd', function(req, res, next) {
+  app.post('./forgotPwd', function(req, res, next) {
     //methods.currentDate();
     /* do something: write down reset password procedure in Technical Req. Document
       ref: https://meanstackdeveloper.in/implement-reset-password-functionality-in-node-js-express.html
@@ -345,16 +345,16 @@ module.exports = function (app, config, passport) {
       else {
         req.flash('success', 'An e-mail has been sent to ' + emailAddress + ' with further instructions.');
       }
-      res.redirect('/forgotPwd');
+      res.redirect('./forgotPwd');
     });
   });
 
-  app.get('/reset/:token', function(req, res) {
+  app.get('./reset/:token', function(req, res) {
     methods.checkUserToken(req.params.token, function(err, user){
       //console.log(user);
       if (!user) {
         req.flash('error', 'Password reset token is invalid or has expired.');
-        res.redirect('/forgotPwd');
+        res.redirect('./forgotPwd');
       }
       else {
         res.render('reset');
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ module.exports = function (app, config, passport) {
     });
   });
 
-  app.post('/reset/:token', function(req, res) {
+  app.post('./reset/:token', function(req, res) {
     methods.checkUserToken(req.params.token, function(err, user){
       if (user) {
         // update password
@@ -387,12 +387,12 @@ module.exports = function (app, config, passport) {
       }
     });
    
-    res.redirect('/login')
+    res.redirect('./login')
   });
 
-  app.get('/logout', function (req, res) {
+  app.get('./logout', function (req, res) {
     if (req.user == null) {
-      return res.redirect('/');
+      return res.redirect('./');
     }
     
     req.user.nameID = req.user.id;
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ module.exports = function (app, config, passport) {
   });
 
   // to generate Service Provider's XML metadata
-  app.get('/saml/metadata', 
+  app.get('./saml/metadata', 
     function(req, res) {
       res.type('application/xml');
       var spMetadata = samlStrategy.generateServiceProviderMetadata(fs.readFileSync(__dirname + '/cert/cert.pem', 'utf8'));