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The idea is that the Thing will provide a web interface to allow modifying its configuration. E.g. for connecting to a local WiFi network, it needs the SSID and the password.
When no WiFi is configured, or the configured network is unavailable it creates its own AP (access point), and lets clients connect to it directly to make the configuration.
Furthermore there is a button (or let's say a Pin), that when pressed on startup will cause a default password to be used instead of the configured (forgotten) one.
You can find the default password in the sources. :)
IotWebConf saves configuration in the "EEPROM". You can extend the config portal with your custom configuration items. Those items will be also maintained by IotWebConf.
Visit [Users Manual](doc/UsersManual.md) for detailed description!
## Use cases
1.**You turn on your IoT the first time** - It turns into AP (access point) mode, and waits for you on the 192.168.4.1 address with a web interface to set up your local network (and other configurations). For the first time a default password is used when you connect to the AP. When you connect to the AP, your device will likely automatically pop up the portal page. (We call this a Captive Portal.) When configuration is done, you must leave the AP. The device detects that no one is connected, and continues with normal operation.
1.**WiFi configuration is changed, e.g. the Thing is moved to another location** - When the Thing cannot connect to the configured WiFi, it falls back to AP mode, and waits for you to change the network configuration. When no configuration was made, then it keeps trying to connect with the already configured settings. The Thing will not switch off the AP while anyone is connected to it, so you must leave the AP when finished with the configuration.
1.**You want to connect to the AP, but have forgotten the configured AP WiFi password you set up previously** - Connect the appropriate pin on the Arduino to ground with a push button. Holding the button pressed while powering up the device causes the Thing to start the AP mode with the default password. (See Case 1. The pin is configured in the code.)
1.**You want to change the configuration before the Thing connects to the Internet** - Fine! The Thing always starts up in AP mode and provides you a time frame to connect to it and make any modification to the configuration. Any time one is connected to the AP (provided by the device) the AP will stay on until the connection is closed. So take your time for the changes, the Thing will wait for you while you are connected to it.
1.**You want to change the configuration at runtime** - No problem. IotWebConf keeps the config portal up and running even after the WiFi connection is finished. In this scenario you must enter username "admin" and password (already configured) to enter the config portal. Note, that the password provided for the authentication is not hidden from devices connected to the same WiFi network. You might want to force rebooting of the Thing to apply your changes.
## User notes
- In the config portal you can double-tap on a password to reveal what
you have typed in. (Double-tap again to hide revealed text.)
- When accessing the config portal via connected WiFi network a dialog
with user-name and password will pop up. The password is the one you
have configured for "AP password". The user name is "admin".
- Consult [Users Manual](doc/UsersManual.md) for more details!
## IotWebConf vs. WiFiManager
tzapu's WiFiManager is a great library. The features of IotWebConf may appear very similar to WiFiManager. However, IotWebConf tries to be different.
- WiFiManager does not allow you to configure **mutiple WiFi** connections. In IotWebConf there is a way to define more connections: if one is not available, the next is tried automatically.
- ~~WiFiManager does not manage your **custom properties**.~~ IotWebConf stores your configuration in "EEPROM".
- WiFiManager does not do **validation**. IotWebConf allow you to validate your property changes made in the config portal.
- ~~WiFiManager does not support ESP32.~~
- ~~With WiFiManager you cannot use both startup and **on-demand configuration**.~~ With IotWebConf the config portal remains available via the connected local WiFi.
- WiFiManager provides list of available networks, and an information page, while these features are cool, IotWebConf tries to keep the code simple. So these features are not (yet) provided by IotWebConf.
- IotWebConf is fitted for more advanced users. You can keep control of the web server setup, configuration item input field behavior, and validation.
## Security aspects
- The initial system password must be modified by the user, so there is no build-in password.
- When connecting in AP mode, the WiFi provides an encryption layer (WPA/WPA2), so all your communication here is known to be safe. (The exact wifi encryption depends on the used board/chipset and implementation in the related esp/arduino framework.)
- When connecting through a WiFi router (WiFi mode), the Thing will ask for authentication when someone requests the config portal. This is required as the Thing will be visible for all devices sharing the same network. But be warned by the following note...
- NOTE: **When connecting through a WiFi router (WiFi mode), your communication is not hidden from devices connecting to the same network.** It communicates over unencrypted HTTP. So either: Do not allow ambiguous devices connecting to your WiFi router, or configure your Thing only in AP mode!
- However IotWebConf has a detailed debug output, passwords are not shown in this log by default. You have
to enable password visibility manually in the IotWebConf.h with the IOTWEBCONF_DEBUG_PWD_TO_SERIAL
if it is needed.
## Compatibility
IotWebConf is primary built for ESP8266. But meanwhile it was discovered, that the code can be adopted
to ESP32. There are two major problems.
- ESP8266 uses specific naming for it's classes (e.g. ESP8266WebServer). However, ESP32 uses a more generic naming (e.g. WebServer). The idea here is to use the generic naming hoping that ESP8266 will adopt these "standards" sooner or later.
- ESP32 does not provide an HTTPUpdateServer implementation. So in this project we have implemented one. Whenever ESP32 provides an official HTTPUpdateServer, this local implementation will be removed.
## Customizing and extending functionality
IotWebConf is ment to be developer friendly by providing lots
of customization options. See [HackingGuide](doc/HackingGuide.md) for
details.
## TODO / Feature requests
- We might want to add a "verify password" field.
- Provide an option, where IotWebConf renders HTML-response,
handles HTTP-request for a specific branch of groups.
- Separate WiFi management from the code, so config portal can also
be a standalone solution without any WiFi.
## Known issues
- It is reported, that there might be unstable working with different lwIP variants. If you experiment serious problems, try to select another lwIP variant for your board in the Tools menu! (Tested with "v2 Lower Memory" version.)
## Credits
Although IotWebConf started without being influenced by any other solutions, in the final code you can find some segments borrowed from the WiFiManager library.
- https://github.com/tzapu/WiFiManager
Thanks to [all contributors](https://github.com/prampec/IotWebConf/graphs/contributors) providing patches for the library!
