Commit f83b6c2a authored by Rosanny Sihombing's avatar Rosanny Sihombing
Browse files

Merge branch 'MLAB-677' into 'testing'

MLAB-677

See merge request !165
parents c2b73ce6 24e3ee4b
Pipeline #6893 passed with stage
in 8 seconds
Copyright (c) 2013 Kael Zhang <i@kael.me>, contributors
http://kael.me/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
\ No newline at end of file
<table><thead>
<tr>
<th>Linux</th>
<th>OS X</th>
<th>Windows</th>
<th>Coverage</th>
<th>Downloads</th>
</tr>
</thead><tbody><tr>
<td colspan="2" align="center">
<a href="https://travis-ci.org/kaelzhang/node-ignore">
<img
src="https://travis-ci.org/kaelzhang/node-ignore.svg?branch=master"
alt="Build Status" /></a>
</td>
<td align="center">
<a href="https://ci.appveyor.com/project/kaelzhang/node-ignore">
<img
src="https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/github/kaelzhang/node-ignore?branch=master&svg=true"
alt="Windows Build Status" /></a>
</td>
<td align="center">
<a href="https://codecov.io/gh/kaelzhang/node-ignore">
<img
src="https://codecov.io/gh/kaelzhang/node-ignore/branch/master/graph/badge.svg"
alt="Coverage Status" /></a>
</td>
<td align="center">
<a href="https://www.npmjs.org/package/ignore">
<img
src="http://img.shields.io/npm/dm/ignore.svg"
alt="npm module downloads per month" /></a>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
# ignore
`ignore` is a manager, filter and parser which implemented in pure JavaScript according to the .gitignore [spec](http://git-scm.com/docs/gitignore).
Pay attention that [`minimatch`](https://www.npmjs.org/package/minimatch) does not work in the gitignore way. To filter filenames according to .gitignore file, I recommend this module.
##### Tested on
- Linux + Node: `0.8` - `7.x`
- Windows + Node: `0.10` - `7.x`, node < `0.10` is not tested due to the lack of support of appveyor.
Actually, `ignore` does not rely on any versions of node specially.
Since `4.0.0`, ignore will no longer support `node < 6` by default, to use in node < 6, `require('ignore/legacy')`. For details, see [CHANGELOG](https://github.com/kaelzhang/node-ignore/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md).
## Table Of Main Contents
- [Usage](#usage)
- [`Pathname` Conventions](#pathname-conventions)
- [Guide for 2.x -> 3.x](#upgrade-2x---3x)
- [Guide for 3.x -> 4.x](#upgrade-3x---4x)
- See Also:
- [`glob-gitignore`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/glob-gitignore) matches files using patterns and filters them according to gitignore rules.
## Usage
```js
import ignore from 'ignore'
const ig = ignore().add(['.abc/*', '!.abc/d/'])
```
### Filter the given paths
```js
const paths = [
'.abc/a.js', // filtered out
'.abc/d/e.js' // included
]
ig.filter(paths) // ['.abc/d/e.js']
ig.ignores('.abc/a.js') // true
```
### As the filter function
```js
paths.filter(ig.createFilter()); // ['.abc/d/e.js']
```
### Win32 paths will be handled
```js
ig.filter(['.abc\\a.js', '.abc\\d\\e.js'])
// if the code above runs on windows, the result will be
// ['.abc\\d\\e.js']
```
## Why another ignore?
- `ignore` is a standalone module, and is much simpler so that it could easy work with other programs, unlike [isaacs](https://npmjs.org/~isaacs)'s [fstream-ignore](https://npmjs.org/package/fstream-ignore) which must work with the modules of the fstream family.
- `ignore` only contains utility methods to filter paths according to the specified ignore rules, so
- `ignore` never try to find out ignore rules by traversing directories or fetching from git configurations.
- `ignore` don't cares about sub-modules of git projects.
- Exactly according to [gitignore man page](http://git-scm.com/docs/gitignore), fixes some known matching issues of fstream-ignore, such as:
- '`/*.js`' should only match '`a.js`', but not '`abc/a.js`'.
- '`**/foo`' should match '`foo`' anywhere.
- Prevent re-including a file if a parent directory of that file is excluded.
- Handle trailing whitespaces:
- `'a '`(one space) should not match `'a '`(two spaces).
- `'a \ '` matches `'a '`
- All test cases are verified with the result of `git check-ignore`.
# Methods
## .add(pattern: string | Ignore): this
## .add(patterns: Array<string | Ignore>): this
- **pattern** `String | Ignore` An ignore pattern string, or the `Ignore` instance
- **patterns** `Array<String | Ignore>` Array of ignore patterns.
Adds a rule or several rules to the current manager.
Returns `this`
Notice that a line starting with `'#'`(hash) is treated as a comment. Put a backslash (`'\'`) in front of the first hash for patterns that begin with a hash, if you want to ignore a file with a hash at the beginning of the filename.
```js
ignore().add('#abc').ignores('#abc') // false
ignore().add('\#abc').ignores('#abc') // true
```
`pattern` could either be a line of ignore pattern or a string of multiple ignore patterns, which means we could just `ignore().add()` the content of a ignore file:
```js
ignore()
.add(fs.readFileSync(filenameOfGitignore).toString())
.filter(filenames)
```
`pattern` could also be an `ignore` instance, so that we could easily inherit the rules of another `Ignore` instance.
## <strike>.addIgnoreFile(path)</strike>
REMOVED in `3.x` for now.
To upgrade `ignore@2.x` up to `3.x`, use
```js
import fs from 'fs'
if (fs.existsSync(filename)) {
ignore().add(fs.readFileSync(filename).toString())
}
```
instead.
## .filter(paths: Array<Pathname>): Array<Pathname>
```ts
type Pathname = string
```
Filters the given array of pathnames, and returns the filtered array.
- **paths** `Array.<Pathname>` The array of `pathname`s to be filtered.
### `Pathname` Conventions:
#### 1. `Pathname` should be a `path.relative()`d pathname
`Pathname` should be a string that have been `path.join()`ed, or the return value of `path.relative()` to the current directory.
```js
// WRONG
ig.ignores('./abc')
// WRONG, for it will never happen.
// If the gitignore rule locates at the root directory,
// `'/abc'` should be changed to `'abc'`.
// ```
// path.relative('/', '/abc') -> 'abc'
// ```
ig.ignores('/abc')
// Right
ig.ignores('abc')
// Right
ig.ignores(path.join('./abc')) // path.join('./abc') -> 'abc'
```
In other words, each `Pathname` here should be a relative path to the directory of the gitignore rules.
Suppose the dir structure is:
```
/path/to/your/repo
|-- a
| |-- a.js
|
|-- .b
|
|-- .c
|-- .DS_store
```
Then the `paths` might be like this:
```js
[
'a/a.js'
'.b',
'.c/.DS_store'
]
```
Usually, you could use [`glob`](http://npmjs.org/package/glob) with `option.mark = true` to fetch the structure of the current directory:
```js
import glob from 'glob'
glob('**', {
// Adds a / character to directory matches.
mark: true
}, (err, files) => {
if (err) {
return console.error(err)
}
let filtered = ignore().add(patterns).filter(files)
console.log(filtered)
})
```
#### 2. filenames and dirnames
`node-ignore` does NO `fs.stat` during path matching, so for the example below:
```js
ig.add('config/')
// `ig` does NOT know if 'config' is a normal file, directory or something
ig.ignores('config') // And it returns `false`
ig.ignores('config/') // returns `true`
```
Specially for people who develop some library based on `node-ignore`, it is important to understand that.
## .ignores(pathname: Pathname): boolean
> new in 3.2.0
Returns `Boolean` whether `pathname` should be ignored.
```js
ig.ignores('.abc/a.js') // true
```
## .createFilter()
Creates a filter function which could filter an array of paths with `Array.prototype.filter`.
Returns `function(path)` the filter function.
## `options.ignorecase` since 4.0.0
Similar as the `core.ignorecase` option of [git-config](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config), `node-ignore` will be case insensitive if `options.ignorecase` is set to `true` (default value), otherwise case sensitive.
```js
const ig = ignore({
ignorecase: false
})
ig.add('*.png')
ig.ignores('*.PNG') // false
```
****
# Upgrade Guide
## Upgrade 2.x -> 3.x
- All `options` of 2.x are unnecessary and removed, so just remove them.
- `ignore()` instance is no longer an [`EventEmitter`](nodejs.org/api/events.html), and all events are unnecessary and removed.
- `.addIgnoreFile()` is removed, see the [.addIgnoreFile](#addignorefilepath) section for details.
## Upgrade 3.x -> 4.x
Since `4.0.0`, `ignore` will no longer support node < 6, to use `ignore` in node < 6:
```js
var ignore = require('ignore/legacy')
```
****
# Collaborators
- [@whitecolor](https://github.com/whitecolor) *Alex*
- [@SamyPesse](https://github.com/SamyPesse) *Samy Pessé*
- [@azproduction](https://github.com/azproduction) *Mikhail Davydov*
- [@TrySound](https://github.com/TrySound) *Bogdan Chadkin*
- [@JanMattner](https://github.com/JanMattner) *Jan Mattner*
- [@ntwb](https://github.com/ntwb) *Stephen Edgar*
- [@kasperisager](https://github.com/kasperisager) *Kasper Isager*
- [@sandersn](https://github.com/sandersn) *Nathan Shively-Sanders*
interface Ignore {
/**
* Adds a rule rules to the current manager.
* @param {string | Ignore} pattern
* @returns IgnoreBase
*/
add(pattern: string | Ignore): Ignore
/**
* Adds several rules to the current manager.
* @param {string[]} patterns
* @returns IgnoreBase
*/
add(patterns: (string | Ignore)[]): Ignore
/**
* Filters the given array of pathnames, and returns the filtered array.
* NOTICE that each path here should be a relative path to the root of your repository.
* @param paths the array of paths to be filtered.
* @returns The filtered array of paths
*/
filter(paths: string[]): string[]
/**
* Creates a filter function which could filter
* an array of paths with Array.prototype.filter.
*/
createFilter(): (path: string) => boolean
/**
* Returns Boolean whether pathname should be ignored.
* @param {string} pathname a path to check
* @returns boolean
*/
ignores(pathname: string): boolean
}
interface Options {
ignorecase?: boolean
}
/**
* Creates new ignore manager.
*/
declare function ignore(options?: Options): Ignore
export default ignore
// A simple implementation of make-array
function make_array (subject) {
return Array.isArray(subject)
? subject
: [subject]
}
const REGEX_BLANK_LINE = /^\s+$/
const REGEX_LEADING_EXCAPED_EXCLAMATION = /^\\!/
const REGEX_LEADING_EXCAPED_HASH = /^\\#/
const SLASH = '/'
const KEY_IGNORE = typeof Symbol !== 'undefined'
? Symbol.for('node-ignore')
/* istanbul ignore next */
: 'node-ignore'
const define = (object, key, value) =>
Object.defineProperty(object, key, {value})
const REGEX_REGEXP_RANGE = /([0-z])-([0-z])/g
// Sanitize the range of a regular expression
// The cases are complicated, see test cases for details
const sanitizeRange = range => range.replace(
REGEX_REGEXP_RANGE,
(match, from, to) => from.charCodeAt(0) <= to.charCodeAt(0)
? match
// Invalid range (out of order) which is ok for gitignore rules but
// fatal for JavaScript regular expression, so eliminate it.
: ''
)
// > If the pattern ends with a slash,
// > it is removed for the purpose of the following description,
// > but it would only find a match with a directory.
// > In other words, foo/ will match a directory foo and paths underneath it,
// > but will not match a regular file or a symbolic link foo
// > (this is consistent with the way how pathspec works in general in Git).
// '`foo/`' will not match regular file '`foo`' or symbolic link '`foo`'
// -> ignore-rules will not deal with it, because it costs extra `fs.stat` call
// you could use option `mark: true` with `glob`
// '`foo/`' should not continue with the '`..`'
const DEFAULT_REPLACER_PREFIX = [
// > Trailing spaces are ignored unless they are quoted with backslash ("\")
[
// (a\ ) -> (a )
// (a ) -> (a)
// (a \ ) -> (a )
/\\?\s+$/,
match => match.indexOf('\\') === 0
? ' '
: ''
],
// replace (\ ) with ' '
[
/\\\s/g,
() => ' '
],
// Escape metacharacters
// which is written down by users but means special for regular expressions.
// > There are 12 characters with special meanings:
// > - the backslash \,
// > - the caret ^,
// > - the dollar sign $,
// > - the period or dot .,
// > - the vertical bar or pipe symbol |,
// > - the question mark ?,
// > - the asterisk or star *,
// > - the plus sign +,
// > - the opening parenthesis (,
// > - the closing parenthesis ),
// > - and the opening square bracket [,
// > - the opening curly brace {,
// > These special characters are often called "metacharacters".
[
/[\\^$.|*+(){]/g,
match => `\\${match}`
],
[
// > [abc] matches any character inside the brackets
// > (in this case a, b, or c);
/\[([^\]/]*)($|\])/g,
(match, p1, p2) => p2 === ']'
? `[${sanitizeRange(p1)}]`
: `\\${match}`
],
[
// > a question mark (?) matches a single character
/(?!\\)\?/g,
() => '[^/]'
],
// leading slash
[
// > A leading slash matches the beginning of the pathname.
// > For example, "/*.c" matches "cat-file.c" but not "mozilla-sha1/sha1.c".
// A leading slash matches the beginning of the pathname
/^\//,
() => '^'
],
// replace special metacharacter slash after the leading slash
[
/\//g,
() => '\\/'
],
[
// > A leading "**" followed by a slash means match in all directories.
// > For example, "**/foo" matches file or directory "foo" anywhere,
// > the same as pattern "foo".
// > "**/foo/bar" matches file or directory "bar" anywhere that is directly
// > under directory "foo".
// Notice that the '*'s have been replaced as '\\*'
/^\^*\\\*\\\*\\\//,
// '**/foo' <-> 'foo'
() => '^(?:.*\\/)?'
]
]
const DEFAULT_REPLACER_SUFFIX = [
// starting
[
// there will be no leading '/'
// (which has been replaced by section "leading slash")
// If starts with '**', adding a '^' to the regular expression also works
/^(?=[^^])/,
function startingReplacer () {
return !/\/(?!$)/.test(this)
// > If the pattern does not contain a slash /,
// > Git treats it as a shell glob pattern
// Actually, if there is only a trailing slash,
// git also treats it as a shell glob pattern
? '(?:^|\\/)'
// > Otherwise, Git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable for
// > consumption by fnmatch(3)
: '^'
}
],
// two globstars
[
// Use lookahead assertions so that we could match more than one `'/**'`
/\\\/\\\*\\\*(?=\\\/|$)/g,
// Zero, one or several directories
// should not use '*', or it will be replaced by the next replacer
// Check if it is not the last `'/**'`
(match, index, str) => index + 6 < str.length
// case: /**/
// > A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash matches
// > zero or more directories.
// > For example, "a/**/b" matches "a/b", "a/x/b", "a/x/y/b" and so on.
// '/**/'
? '(?:\\/[^\\/]+)*'
// case: /**
// > A trailing `"/**"` matches everything inside.
// #21: everything inside but it should not include the current folder
: '\\/.+'
],
// intermediate wildcards
[
// Never replace escaped '*'
// ignore rule '\*' will match the path '*'
// 'abc.*/' -> go
// 'abc.*' -> skip this rule
/(^|[^\\]+)\\\*(?=.+)/g,
// '*.js' matches '.js'
// '*.js' doesn't match 'abc'
(match, p1) => `${p1}[^\\/]*`
],
// trailing wildcard
[
/(\^|\\\/)?\\\*$/,
(match, p1) => {
const prefix = p1
// '\^':
// '/*' does not match ''
// '/*' does not match everything
// '\\\/':
// 'abc/*' does not match 'abc/'
? `${p1}[^/]+`
// 'a*' matches 'a'
// 'a*' matches 'aa'
: '[^/]*'
return `${prefix}(?=$|\\/$)`
}
],
[
// unescape
/\\\\\\/g,
() => '\\'
]
]
const POSITIVE_REPLACERS = [
...DEFAULT_REPLACER_PREFIX,
// 'f'
// matches
// - /f(end)
// - /f/
// - (start)f(end)
// - (start)f/
// doesn't match
// - oof
// - foo
// pseudo:
// -> (^|/)f(/|$)
// ending
[
// 'js' will not match 'js.'
// 'ab' will not match 'abc'
/(?:[^*/])$/,
// 'js*' will not match 'a.js'
// 'js/' will not match 'a.js'
// 'js' will match 'a.js' and 'a.js/'
match => `${match}(?=$|\\/)`
],
...DEFAULT_REPLACER_SUFFIX
]
const NEGATIVE_REPLACERS = [
...DEFAULT_REPLACER_PREFIX,
// #24, #38
// The MISSING rule of [gitignore docs](https://git-scm.com/docs/gitignore)
// A negative pattern without a trailing wildcard should not
// re-include the things inside that directory.
// eg:
// ['node_modules/*', '!node_modules']
// should ignore `node_modules/a.js`
[
/(?:[^*])$/,
match => `${match}(?=$|\\/$)`
],
...DEFAULT_REPLACER_SUFFIX
]
// A simple cache, because an ignore rule only has only one certain meaning
const cache = Object.create(null)
// @param {pattern}
const make_regex = (pattern, negative, ignorecase) => {
const r = cache[pattern]
if (r) {
return r
}
const replacers = negative
? NEGATIVE_REPLACERS
: POSITIVE_REPLACERS
const source = replacers.reduce(
(prev, current) => prev.replace(current[0], current[1].bind(pattern)),
pattern
)
return cache[pattern] = ignorecase
? new RegExp(source, 'i')
: new RegExp(source)
}
// > A blank line matches no files, so it can serve as a separator for readability.
const checkPattern = pattern => pattern
&& typeof pattern === 'string'
&& !REGEX_BLANK_LINE.test(pattern)
// > A line starting with # serves as a comment.
&& pattern.indexOf('#') !== 0
const createRule = (pattern, ignorecase) => {
const origin = pattern
let negative = false
// > An optional prefix "!" which negates the pattern;
if (pattern.indexOf('!') === 0) {
negative = true
pattern = pattern.substr(1)
}
pattern = pattern
// > Put a backslash ("\") in front of the first "!" for patterns that
// > begin with a literal "!", for example, `"\!important!.txt"`.
.replace(REGEX_LEADING_EXCAPED_EXCLAMATION, '!')
// > Put a backslash ("\") in front of the first hash for patterns that
// > begin with a hash.
.replace(REGEX_LEADING_EXCAPED_HASH, '#')
const regex = make_regex(pattern, negative, ignorecase)
return {
origin,
pattern,
negative,
regex
}
}
class IgnoreBase {
constructor ({
ignorecase = true
} = {}) {
this._rules = []
this._ignorecase = ignorecase
define(this, KEY_IGNORE, true)
this._initCache()
}
_initCache () {
this._cache = Object.create(null)
}
// @param {Array.<string>|string|Ignore} pattern
add (pattern) {
this._added = false
if (typeof pattern === 'string') {
pattern = pattern.split(/\r?\n/g)
}
make_array(pattern).forEach(this._addPattern, this)
// Some rules have just added to the ignore,
// making the behavior changed.
if (this._added) {
this._initCache()
}
return this
}
// legacy
addPattern (pattern) {
return this.add(pattern)
}
_addPattern (pattern) {
// #32
if (pattern && pattern[KEY_IGNORE]) {
this._rules = this._rules.concat(pattern._rules)
this._added = true
return
}
if (checkPattern(pattern)) {
const rule = createRule(pattern, this._ignorecase)
this._added = true
this._rules.push(rule)
}
}
filter (paths) {
return make_array(paths).filter(path => this._filter(path))
}
createFilter () {
return path => this._filter(path)
}
ignores (path) {
return !this._filter(path)
}
// @returns `Boolean` true if the `path` is NOT ignored
_filter (path, slices) {
if (!path) {
return false
}
if (path in this._cache) {
return this._cache[path]
}
if (!slices) {
// path/to/a.js
// ['path', 'to', 'a.js']
slices = path.split(SLASH)
}
slices.pop()
return this._cache[path] = slices.length
// > It is not possible to re-include a file if a parent directory of
// > that file is excluded.
// If the path contains a parent directory, check the parent first
? this._filter(slices.join(SLASH) + SLASH, slices)
&& this._test(path)
// Or only test the path
: this._test(path)
}
// @returns {Boolean} true if a file is NOT ignored
_test (path) {
// Explicitly define variable type by setting matched to `0`
let matched = 0
this._rules.forEach(rule => {
// if matched = true, then we only test negative rules
// if matched = false, then we test non-negative rules
if (!(matched ^ rule.negative)) {
matched = rule.negative ^ rule.regex.test(path)
}
})
return !matched
}
}
// Windows
// --------------------------------------------------------------
/* istanbul ignore if */
if (
// Detect `process` so that it can run in browsers.
typeof process !== 'undefined'
&& (
process.env && process.env.IGNORE_TEST_WIN32
|| process.platform === 'win32'
)
) {
const filter = IgnoreBase.prototype._filter
/* eslint no-control-regex: "off" */
const make_posix = str => /^\\\\\?\\/.test(str)
|| /[^\x00-\x80]+/.test(str)
? str
: str.replace(/\\/g, '/')
IgnoreBase.prototype._filter = function filterWin32 (path, slices) {
path = make_posix(path)
return filter.call(this, path, slices)
}
}
module.exports = options => new IgnoreBase(options)
'use strict';
var _createClass = function () { function defineProperties(target, props) { for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) { var descriptor = props[i]; descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false; descriptor.configurable = true; if ("value" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true; Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor); } } return function (Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) { if (protoProps) defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps); if (staticProps) defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps); return Constructor; }; }();
function _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) { if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) { throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function"); } }
// A simple implementation of make-array
function make_array(subject) {
return Array.isArray(subject) ? subject : [subject];
}
var REGEX_BLANK_LINE = /^\s+$/;
var REGEX_LEADING_EXCAPED_EXCLAMATION = /^\\!/;
var REGEX_LEADING_EXCAPED_HASH = /^\\#/;
var SLASH = '/';
var KEY_IGNORE = typeof Symbol !== 'undefined' ? Symbol.for('node-ignore')
/* istanbul ignore next */
: 'node-ignore';
var define = function define(object, key, value) {
return Object.defineProperty(object, key, { value });
};
var REGEX_REGEXP_RANGE = /([0-z])-([0-z])/g;
// Sanitize the range of a regular expression
// The cases are complicated, see test cases for details
var sanitizeRange = function sanitizeRange(range) {
return range.replace(REGEX_REGEXP_RANGE, function (match, from, to) {
return from.charCodeAt(0) <= to.charCodeAt(0) ? match
// Invalid range (out of order) which is ok for gitignore rules but
// fatal for JavaScript regular expression, so eliminate it.
: '';
});
};
// > If the pattern ends with a slash,
// > it is removed for the purpose of the following description,
// > but it would only find a match with a directory.
// > In other words, foo/ will match a directory foo and paths underneath it,
// > but will not match a regular file or a symbolic link foo
// > (this is consistent with the way how pathspec works in general in Git).
// '`foo/`' will not match regular file '`foo`' or symbolic link '`foo`'
// -> ignore-rules will not deal with it, because it costs extra `fs.stat` call
// you could use option `mark: true` with `glob`
// '`foo/`' should not continue with the '`..`'
var DEFAULT_REPLACER_PREFIX = [
// > Trailing spaces are ignored unless they are quoted with backslash ("\")
[
// (a\ ) -> (a )
// (a ) -> (a)
// (a \ ) -> (a )
/\\?\s+$/, function (match) {
return match.indexOf('\\') === 0 ? ' ' : '';
}],
// replace (\ ) with ' '
[/\\\s/g, function () {
return ' ';
}],
// Escape metacharacters
// which is written down by users but means special for regular expressions.
// > There are 12 characters with special meanings:
// > - the backslash \,
// > - the caret ^,
// > - the dollar sign $,
// > - the period or dot .,
// > - the vertical bar or pipe symbol |,
// > - the question mark ?,
// > - the asterisk or star *,
// > - the plus sign +,
// > - the opening parenthesis (,
// > - the closing parenthesis ),
// > - and the opening square bracket [,
// > - the opening curly brace {,
// > These special characters are often called "metacharacters".
[/[\\^$.|*+(){]/g, function (match) {
return `\\${match}`;
}], [
// > [abc] matches any character inside the brackets
// > (in this case a, b, or c);
/\[([^\]/]*)($|\])/g, function (match, p1, p2) {
return p2 === ']' ? `[${sanitizeRange(p1)}]` : `\\${match}`;
}], [
// > a question mark (?) matches a single character
/(?!\\)\?/g, function () {
return '[^/]';
}],
// leading slash
[
// > A leading slash matches the beginning of the pathname.
// > For example, "/*.c" matches "cat-file.c" but not "mozilla-sha1/sha1.c".
// A leading slash matches the beginning of the pathname
/^\//, function () {
return '^';
}],
// replace special metacharacter slash after the leading slash
[/\//g, function () {
return '\\/';
}], [
// > A leading "**" followed by a slash means match in all directories.
// > For example, "**/foo" matches file or directory "foo" anywhere,
// > the same as pattern "foo".
// > "**/foo/bar" matches file or directory "bar" anywhere that is directly
// > under directory "foo".
// Notice that the '*'s have been replaced as '\\*'
/^\^*\\\*\\\*\\\//,
// '**/foo' <-> 'foo'
function () {
return '^(?:.*\\/)?';
}]];
var DEFAULT_REPLACER_SUFFIX = [
// starting
[
// there will be no leading '/'
// (which has been replaced by section "leading slash")
// If starts with '**', adding a '^' to the regular expression also works
/^(?=[^^])/, function startingReplacer() {
return !/\/(?!$)/.test(this)
// > If the pattern does not contain a slash /,
// > Git treats it as a shell glob pattern
// Actually, if there is only a trailing slash,
// git also treats it as a shell glob pattern
? '(?:^|\\/)'
// > Otherwise, Git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable for
// > consumption by fnmatch(3)
: '^';
}],
// two globstars
[
// Use lookahead assertions so that we could match more than one `'/**'`
/\\\/\\\*\\\*(?=\\\/|$)/g,
// Zero, one or several directories
// should not use '*', or it will be replaced by the next replacer
// Check if it is not the last `'/**'`
function (match, index, str) {
return index + 6 < str.length
// case: /**/
// > A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash matches
// > zero or more directories.
// > For example, "a/**/b" matches "a/b", "a/x/b", "a/x/y/b" and so on.
// '/**/'
? '(?:\\/[^\\/]+)*'
// case: /**
// > A trailing `"/**"` matches everything inside.
// #21: everything inside but it should not include the current folder
: '\\/.+';
}],
// intermediate wildcards
[
// Never replace escaped '*'
// ignore rule '\*' will match the path '*'
// 'abc.*/' -> go
// 'abc.*' -> skip this rule
/(^|[^\\]+)\\\*(?=.+)/g,
// '*.js' matches '.js'
// '*.js' doesn't match 'abc'
function (match, p1) {
return `${p1}[^\\/]*`;
}],
// trailing wildcard
[/(\^|\\\/)?\\\*$/, function (match, p1) {
var prefix = p1
// '\^':
// '/*' does not match ''
// '/*' does not match everything
// '\\\/':
// 'abc/*' does not match 'abc/'
? `${p1}[^/]+`
// 'a*' matches 'a'
// 'a*' matches 'aa'
: '[^/]*';
return `${prefix}(?=$|\\/$)`;
}], [
// unescape
/\\\\\\/g, function () {
return '\\';
}]];
var POSITIVE_REPLACERS = [].concat(DEFAULT_REPLACER_PREFIX, [
// 'f'
// matches
// - /f(end)
// - /f/
// - (start)f(end)
// - (start)f/
// doesn't match
// - oof
// - foo
// pseudo:
// -> (^|/)f(/|$)
// ending
[
// 'js' will not match 'js.'
// 'ab' will not match 'abc'
/(?:[^*/])$/,
// 'js*' will not match 'a.js'
// 'js/' will not match 'a.js'
// 'js' will match 'a.js' and 'a.js/'
function (match) {
return `${match}(?=$|\\/)`;
}]], DEFAULT_REPLACER_SUFFIX);
var NEGATIVE_REPLACERS = [].concat(DEFAULT_REPLACER_PREFIX, [
// #24, #38
// The MISSING rule of [gitignore docs](https://git-scm.com/docs/gitignore)
// A negative pattern without a trailing wildcard should not
// re-include the things inside that directory.
// eg:
// ['node_modules/*', '!node_modules']
// should ignore `node_modules/a.js`
[/(?:[^*])$/, function (match) {
return `${match}(?=$|\\/$)`;
}]], DEFAULT_REPLACER_SUFFIX);
// A simple cache, because an ignore rule only has only one certain meaning
var cache = Object.create(null);
// @param {pattern}
var make_regex = function make_regex(pattern, negative, ignorecase) {
var r = cache[pattern];
if (r) {
return r;
}
var replacers = negative ? NEGATIVE_REPLACERS : POSITIVE_REPLACERS;
var source = replacers.reduce(function (prev, current) {
return prev.replace(current[0], current[1].bind(pattern));
}, pattern);
return cache[pattern] = ignorecase ? new RegExp(source, 'i') : new RegExp(source);
};
// > A blank line matches no files, so it can serve as a separator for readability.
var checkPattern = function checkPattern(pattern) {
return pattern && typeof pattern === 'string' && !REGEX_BLANK_LINE.test(pattern)
// > A line starting with # serves as a comment.
&& pattern.indexOf('#') !== 0;
};
var createRule = function createRule(pattern, ignorecase) {
var origin = pattern;
var negative = false;
// > An optional prefix "!" which negates the pattern;
if (pattern.indexOf('!') === 0) {
negative = true;
pattern = pattern.substr(1);
}
pattern = pattern
// > Put a backslash ("\") in front of the first "!" for patterns that
// > begin with a literal "!", for example, `"\!important!.txt"`.
.replace(REGEX_LEADING_EXCAPED_EXCLAMATION, '!')
// > Put a backslash ("\") in front of the first hash for patterns that
// > begin with a hash.
.replace(REGEX_LEADING_EXCAPED_HASH, '#');
var regex = make_regex(pattern, negative, ignorecase);
return {
origin,
pattern,
negative,
regex
};
};
var IgnoreBase = function () {
function IgnoreBase() {
var _ref = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {},
_ref$ignorecase = _ref.ignorecase,
ignorecase = _ref$ignorecase === undefined ? true : _ref$ignorecase;
_classCallCheck(this, IgnoreBase);
this._rules = [];
this._ignorecase = ignorecase;
define(this, KEY_IGNORE, true);
this._initCache();
}
_createClass(IgnoreBase, [{
key: '_initCache',
value: function _initCache() {
this._cache = Object.create(null);
}
// @param {Array.<string>|string|Ignore} pattern
}, {
key: 'add',
value: function add(pattern) {
this._added = false;
if (typeof pattern === 'string') {
pattern = pattern.split(/\r?\n/g);
}
make_array(pattern).forEach(this._addPattern, this);
// Some rules have just added to the ignore,
// making the behavior changed.
if (this._added) {
this._initCache();
}
return this;
}
// legacy
}, {
key: 'addPattern',
value: function addPattern(pattern) {
return this.add(pattern);
}
}, {
key: '_addPattern',
value: function _addPattern(pattern) {
// #32
if (pattern && pattern[KEY_IGNORE]) {
this._rules = this._rules.concat(pattern._rules);
this._added = true;
return;
}
if (checkPattern(pattern)) {
var rule = createRule(pattern, this._ignorecase);
this._added = true;
this._rules.push(rule);
}
}
}, {
key: 'filter',
value: function filter(paths) {
var _this = this;
return make_array(paths).filter(function (path) {
return _this._filter(path);
});
}
}, {
key: 'createFilter',
value: function createFilter() {
var _this2 = this;
return function (path) {
return _this2._filter(path);
};
}
}, {
key: 'ignores',
value: function ignores(path) {
return !this._filter(path);
}
// @returns `Boolean` true if the `path` is NOT ignored
}, {
key: '_filter',
value: function _filter(path, slices) {
if (!path) {
return false;
}
if (path in this._cache) {
return this._cache[path];
}
if (!slices) {
// path/to/a.js
// ['path', 'to', 'a.js']
slices = path.split(SLASH);
}
slices.pop();
return this._cache[path] = slices.length
// > It is not possible to re-include a file if a parent directory of
// > that file is excluded.
// If the path contains a parent directory, check the parent first
? this._filter(slices.join(SLASH) + SLASH, slices) && this._test(path)
// Or only test the path
: this._test(path);
}
// @returns {Boolean} true if a file is NOT ignored
}, {
key: '_test',
value: function _test(path) {
// Explicitly define variable type by setting matched to `0`
var matched = 0;
this._rules.forEach(function (rule) {
// if matched = true, then we only test negative rules
// if matched = false, then we test non-negative rules
if (!(matched ^ rule.negative)) {
matched = rule.negative ^ rule.regex.test(path);
}
});
return !matched;
}
}]);
return IgnoreBase;
}();
// Windows
// --------------------------------------------------------------
/* istanbul ignore if */
if (
// Detect `process` so that it can run in browsers.
typeof process !== 'undefined' && (process.env && process.env.IGNORE_TEST_WIN32 || process.platform === 'win32')) {
var filter = IgnoreBase.prototype._filter;
/* eslint no-control-regex: "off" */
var make_posix = function make_posix(str) {
return (/^\\\\\?\\/.test(str) || /[^\x00-\x80]+/.test(str) ? str : str.replace(/\\/g, '/')
);
};
IgnoreBase.prototype._filter = function filterWin32(path, slices) {
path = make_posix(path);
return filter.call(this, path, slices);
};
}
module.exports = function (options) {
return new IgnoreBase(options);
};
{
"name": "ignore",
"version": "4.0.6",
"description": "Ignore is a manager and filter for .gitignore rules.",
"files": [
"legacy.js",
"index.js",
"index.d.ts",
"LICENSE-MIT"
],
"scripts": {
"prepublish": "npm run build",
"build": "babel -o legacy.js index.js",
"test:lint": "eslint .",
"test:tsc": "tsc ./test/ts/simple.ts",
"test:git": "tap test/git-check-ignore.js",
"test:ignore": "tap test/ignore.js --coverage",
"test-no-cov": "npm run test:lint && npm run test:tsc && tap test/*.js --coverage",
"test": "npm run test-no-cov",
"posttest": "tap --coverage-report=html && codecov"
},
"repository": {
"type": "git",
"url": "git@github.com:kaelzhang/node-ignore.git"
},
"keywords": [
"ignore",
".gitignore",
"gitignore",
"npmignore",
"rules",
"manager",
"filter",
"regexp",
"regex",
"fnmatch",
"glob",
"asterisks",
"regular-expression"
],
"author": "kael",
"license": "MIT",
"bugs": {
"url": "https://github.com/kaelzhang/node-ignore/issues"
},
"devDependencies": {
"babel-cli": "^6.26.0",
"babel-preset-env": "^1.7.0",
"codecov": "^3.0.4",
"eslint": "^5.3.0",
"eslint-config-ostai": "^1.3.2",
"eslint-plugin-import": "^2.13.0",
"mkdirp": "^0.5.1",
"pre-suf": "^1.1.0",
"rimraf": "^2.6.2",
"spawn-sync": "^2.0.0",
"tap": "^12.0.1",
"tmp": "0.0.33",
"typescript": "^3.0.1"
},
"engines": {
"node": ">= 4"
}
}
// Types that are compatible with all supported TypeScript versions.
// It's shared between all TypeScript version-specific definitions.
// Basic
export * from './source/basic';
// Utilities
export {Except} from './source/except';
export {Mutable} from './source/mutable';
export {Merge} from './source/merge';
export {MergeExclusive} from './source/merge-exclusive';
export {RequireAtLeastOne} from './source/require-at-least-one';
export {RequireExactlyOne} from './source/require-exactly-one';
export {PartialDeep} from './source/partial-deep';
export {ReadonlyDeep} from './source/readonly-deep';
export {LiteralUnion} from './source/literal-union';
export {Promisable} from './source/promisable';
export {Opaque} from './source/opaque';
export {SetOptional} from './source/set-optional';
export {SetRequired} from './source/set-required';
export {ValueOf} from './source/value-of';
export {PromiseValue} from './source/promise-value';
export {AsyncReturnType} from './source/async-return-type';
export {ConditionalExcept} from './source/conditional-except';
export {ConditionalKeys} from './source/conditional-keys';
export {ConditionalPick} from './source/conditional-pick';
export {UnionToIntersection} from './source/union-to-intersection';
export {Stringified} from './source/stringified';
export {FixedLengthArray} from './source/fixed-length-array';
export {IterableElement} from './source/iterable-element';
export {Entry} from './source/entry';
export {Entries} from './source/entries';
export {SetReturnType} from './source/set-return-type';
export {Asyncify} from './source/asyncify';
// Miscellaneous
export {PackageJson} from './source/package-json';
export {TsConfigJson} from './source/tsconfig-json';
// These are all the basic types that's compatible with all supported TypeScript versions.
export * from './base';
MIT License
Copyright (c) Sindre Sorhus <sindresorhus@gmail.com> (https:/sindresorhus.com)
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
{
"name": "type-fest",
"version": "0.20.2",
"description": "A collection of essential TypeScript types",
"license": "(MIT OR CC0-1.0)",
"repository": "sindresorhus/type-fest",
"funding": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus",
"author": {
"name": "Sindre Sorhus",
"email": "sindresorhus@gmail.com",
"url": "https://sindresorhus.com"
},
"engines": {
"node": ">=10"
},
"scripts": {
"//test": "xo && tsd && tsc",
"test": "xo && tsc"
},
"files": [
"index.d.ts",
"base.d.ts",
"source",
"ts41"
],
"keywords": [
"typescript",
"ts",
"types",
"utility",
"util",
"utilities",
"omit",
"merge",
"json"
],
"devDependencies": {
"@sindresorhus/tsconfig": "~0.7.0",
"tsd": "^0.13.1",
"typescript": "^4.1.2",
"xo": "^0.35.0"
},
"types": "./index.d.ts",
"typesVersions": {
">=4.1": {
"*": [
"ts41/*"
]
}
},
"xo": {
"rules": {
"@typescript-eslint/ban-types": "off",
"@typescript-eslint/indent": "off",
"node/no-unsupported-features/es-builtins": "off"
}
}
}
<div align="center">
<br>
<br>
<img src="media/logo.svg" alt="type-fest" height="300">
<br>
<br>
<b>A collection of essential TypeScript types</b>
<br>
<hr>
</div>
<br>
<br>
[![](https://img.shields.io/badge/unicorn-approved-ff69b4.svg)](https://giphy.com/gifs/illustration-rainbow-unicorn-26AHG5KGFxSkUWw1i)
<!-- Commented out until they actually show anything
[![npm dependents](https://badgen.net/npm/dependents/type-fest)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/type-fest?activeTab=dependents) [![npm downloads](https://badgen.net/npm/dt/type-fest)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/type-fest)
-->
Many of the types here should have been built-in. You can help by suggesting some of them to the [TypeScript project](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md).
Either add this package as a dependency or copy-paste the needed types. No credit required. 👌
PR welcome for additional commonly needed types and docs improvements. Read the [contributing guidelines](.github/contributing.md) first.
## Install
```
$ npm install type-fest
```
*Requires TypeScript >=3.4*
## Usage
```ts
import {Except} from 'type-fest';
type Foo = {
unicorn: string;
rainbow: boolean;
};
type FooWithoutRainbow = Except<Foo, 'rainbow'>;
//=> {unicorn: string}
```
## API
Click the type names for complete docs.
### Basic
- [`Primitive`](source/basic.d.ts) - Matches any [primitive value](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Primitive).
- [`Class`](source/basic.d.ts) - Matches a [`class` constructor](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes).
- [`TypedArray`](source/basic.d.ts) - Matches any [typed array](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/TypedArray), like `Uint8Array` or `Float64Array`.
- [`JsonObject`](source/basic.d.ts) - Matches a JSON object.
- [`JsonArray`](source/basic.d.ts) - Matches a JSON array.
- [`JsonValue`](source/basic.d.ts) - Matches any valid JSON value.
- [`ObservableLike`](source/basic.d.ts) - Matches a value that is like an [Observable](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-observable).
### Utilities
- [`Except`](source/except.d.ts) - Create a type from an object type without certain keys. This is a stricter version of [`Omit`](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-3-5.html#the-omit-helper-type).
- [`Mutable`](source/mutable.d.ts) - Convert an object with `readonly` keys into a mutable object. The inverse of `Readonly<T>`.
- [`Merge`](source/merge.d.ts) - Merge two types into a new type. Keys of the second type overrides keys of the first type.
- [`MergeExclusive`](source/merge-exclusive.d.ts) - Create a type that has mutually exclusive keys.
- [`RequireAtLeastOne`](source/require-at-least-one.d.ts) - Create a type that requires at least one of the given keys.
- [`RequireExactlyOne`](source/require-exactly-one.d.ts) - Create a type that requires exactly a single key of the given keys and disallows more.
- [`PartialDeep`](source/partial-deep.d.ts) - Create a deeply optional version of another type. Use [`Partial<T>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1401-L1406) if you only need one level deep.
- [`ReadonlyDeep`](source/readonly-deep.d.ts) - Create a deeply immutable version of an `object`/`Map`/`Set`/`Array` type. Use [`Readonly<T>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1415-L1420) if you only need one level deep.
- [`LiteralUnion`](source/literal-union.d.ts) - Create a union type by combining primitive types and literal types without sacrificing auto-completion in IDEs for the literal type part of the union. Workaround for [Microsoft/TypeScript#29729](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/29729).
- [`Promisable`](source/promisable.d.ts) - Create a type that represents either the value or the value wrapped in `PromiseLike`.
- [`Opaque`](source/opaque.d.ts) - Create an [opaque type](https://codemix.com/opaque-types-in-javascript/).
- [`SetOptional`](source/set-optional.d.ts) - Create a type that makes the given keys optional.
- [`SetRequired`](source/set-required.d.ts) - Create a type that makes the given keys required.
- [`ValueOf`](source/value-of.d.ts) - Create a union of the given object's values, and optionally specify which keys to get the values from.
- [`PromiseValue`](source/promise-value.d.ts) - Returns the type that is wrapped inside a `Promise`.
- [`AsyncReturnType`](source/async-return-type.d.ts) - Unwrap the return type of a function that returns a `Promise`.
- [`ConditionalKeys`](source/conditional-keys.d.ts) - Extract keys from a shape where values extend the given `Condition` type.
- [`ConditionalPick`](source/conditional-pick.d.ts) - Like `Pick` except it selects properties from a shape where the values extend the given `Condition` type.
- [`ConditionalExcept`](source/conditional-except.d.ts) - Like `Omit` except it removes properties from a shape where the values extend the given `Condition` type.
- [`UnionToIntersection`](source/union-to-intersection.d.ts) - Convert a union type to an intersection type.
- [`Stringified`](source/stringified.d.ts) - Create a type with the keys of the given type changed to `string` type.
- [`FixedLengthArray`](source/fixed-length-array.d.ts) - Create a type that represents an array of the given type and length.
- [`IterableElement`](source/iterable-element.d.ts) - Get the element type of an `Iterable`/`AsyncIterable`. For example, an array or a generator.
- [`Entry`](source/entry.d.ts) - Create a type that represents the type of an entry of a collection.
- [`Entries`](source/entries.d.ts) - Create a type that represents the type of the entries of a collection.
- [`SetReturnType`](source/set-return-type.d.ts) - Create a function type with a return type of your choice and the same parameters as the given function type.
- [`Asyncify`](source/asyncify.d.ts) - Create an async version of the given function type.
### Template literal types
*Note:* These require [TypeScript 4.1 or newer](https://devblogs.microsoft.com/typescript/announcing-typescript-4-1/#template-literal-types).
- [`CamelCase`](ts41/camel-case.d.ts) – Convert a string literal to camel-case (`fooBar`).
- [`KebabCase`](ts41/kebab-case.d.ts) – Convert a string literal to kebab-case (`foo-bar`).
- [`PascalCase`](ts41/pascal-case.d.ts) – Converts a string literal to pascal-case (`FooBar`)
- [`SnakeCase`](ts41/snake-case.d.ts) – Convert a string literal to snake-case (`foo_bar`).
- [`DelimiterCase`](ts41/delimiter-case.d.ts) – Convert a string literal to a custom string delimiter casing.
### Miscellaneous
- [`PackageJson`](source/package-json.d.ts) - Type for [npm's `package.json` file](https://docs.npmjs.com/creating-a-package-json-file).
- [`TsConfigJson`](source/tsconfig-json.d.ts) - Type for [TypeScript's `tsconfig.json` file](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/tsconfig-json.html) (TypeScript 3.7).
## Declined types
*If we decline a type addition, we will make sure to document the better solution here.*
- [`Diff` and `Spread`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/type-fest/pull/7) - The PR author didn't provide any real-world use-cases and the PR went stale. If you think this type is useful, provide some real-world use-cases and we might reconsider.
- [`Dictionary`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/type-fest/issues/33) - You only save a few characters (`Dictionary<number>` vs `Record<string, number>`) from [`Record`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1429-L1434), which is more flexible and well-known. Also, you shouldn't use an object as a dictionary. We have `Map` in JavaScript now.
- [`SubType`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/type-fest/issues/22) - The type is powerful, but lacks good use-cases and is prone to misuse.
- [`ExtractProperties` and `ExtractMethods`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/type-fest/pull/4) - The types violate the single responsibility principle. Instead, refine your types into more granular type hierarchies.
## Tips
### Built-in types
There are many advanced types most users don't know about.
- [`Partial<T>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1401-L1406) - Make all properties in `T` optional.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://www.typescriptlang.org/play/#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)
```ts
interface NodeConfig {
appName: string;
port: number;
}
class NodeAppBuilder {
private configuration: NodeConfig = {
appName: 'NodeApp',
port: 3000
};
private updateConfig<Key extends keyof NodeConfig>(key: Key, value: NodeConfig[Key]) {
this.configuration[key] = value;
}
config(config: Partial<NodeConfig>) {
type NodeConfigKey = keyof NodeConfig;
for (const key of Object.keys(config) as NodeConfigKey[]) {
const updateValue = config[key];
if (updateValue === undefined) {
continue;
}
this.updateConfig(key, updateValue);
}
return this;
}
}
// `Partial<NodeConfig>`` allows us to provide only a part of the
// NodeConfig interface.
new NodeAppBuilder().config({appName: 'ToDoApp'});
```
</details>
- [`Required<T>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1408-L1413) - Make all properties in `T` required.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#code/AQ4SwOwFwUwJwGYEMDGNgGED21VQGJZwC2wA3gFCjXAzFJgA2A-AFzADOUckA5gNxUaIYjA4ckvGG07c+g6gF8KQkAgCuEFFDA5O6gEbEwUbLm2ESwABQIixACJIoSdgCUYAR3Vg4MACYAPGYuFvYAfACU5Ko0APRxwADKMBD+wFAAFuh2Vv7OSBlYGdmc8ABu8LHKsRyGxqY4oQT21pTCIHQMjOwA5DAAHgACxAAOjDAAdChYxL0ANLHUouKSMH0AEmAAhJhY6ozpAJ77GTCMjMCiV0ToSAb7UJPPC9WRgrEJwAAqR6MwSRQPFGUFocDgRHYxnEfGAowh-zgUCOwF6KwkUl6tXqJhCeEsxDaS1AXSYfUGI3GUxmc0WSneQA)
```ts
interface ContactForm {
email?: string;
message?: string;
}
function submitContactForm(formData: Required<ContactForm>) {
// Send the form data to the server.
}
submitContactForm({
email: 'ex@mple.com',
message: 'Hi! Could you tell me more about…',
});
// TypeScript error: missing property 'message'
submitContactForm({
email: 'ex@mple.com',
});
```
</details>
- [`Readonly<T>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1415-L1420) - Make all properties in `T` readonly.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#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)
```ts
enum LogLevel {
Off,
Debug,
Error,
Fatal
};
interface LoggerConfig {
name: string;
level: LogLevel;
}
class Logger {
config: Readonly<LoggerConfig>;
constructor({name, level}: LoggerConfig) {
this.config = {name, level};
Object.freeze(this.config);
}
}
const config: LoggerConfig = {
name: 'MyApp',
level: LogLevel.Debug
};
const logger = new Logger(config);
// TypeScript Error: cannot assign to read-only property.
logger.config.level = LogLevel.Error;
// We are able to edit config variable as we please.
config.level = LogLevel.Error;
```
</details>
- [`Pick<T, K>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1422-L1427) - From `T`, pick a set of properties whose keys are in the union `K`.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#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)
```ts
interface Article {
title: string;
thumbnail: string;
content: string;
}
// Creates new type out of the `Article` interface composed
// from the Articles' two properties: `title` and `thumbnail`.
// `ArticlePreview = {title: string; thumbnail: string}`
type ArticlePreview = Pick<Article, 'title' | 'thumbnail'>;
// Render a list of articles using only title and description.
function renderArticlePreviews(previews: ArticlePreview[]): HTMLElement {
const articles = document.createElement('div');
for (const preview of previews) {
// Append preview to the articles.
}
return articles;
}
const articles = renderArticlePreviews([
{
title: 'TypeScript tutorial!',
thumbnail: '/assets/ts.jpg'
}
]);
```
</details>
- [`Record<K, T>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1429-L1434) - Construct a type with a set of properties `K` of type `T`.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#code/AQ4ejYAUHsGcCWAXBMB2dgwGbAKYC2ADgDYwCeeemCaWArgE7ADGMxAhmuQHQBQoYEnJE8wALKEARnkaxEKdMAC8wAOS0kstGuAAfdQBM8ANzxlRjXQbVaWACwC0JPB0NqA3HwGgIwAJJoWozYHCxixnAsjAhStADmwESMMJYo1Fi4HMCIaPEu+MRklHj8gpqyoeHAAKJFFFTAAN4+giDYCIxwSAByHAR4AFw5SDF5Xm2gJBzdfQPD3WPxE5PAlBxdAPLYNQAelgh4aOHDaPQEMowrIAC+3oJ+AMKMrlrAXFhSAFZ4LEhC9g4-0BmA4JBISXgiCkBQABpILrJ5MhUGhYcATGD6Bk4Hh-jNgABrPDkOBlXyQAAq9ngYmJpOAAHcEOCRjAXqwYODfoo6DhakUSph+Uh7GI4P0xER4Cj0OSQGwMP8tP1hgAlX7swwAHgRl2RvIANALSA08ABtAC6AD4VM1Wm0Kow0MMrYaHYJjGYLLJXZb3at1HYnC43Go-QHQDcvA6-JsmEJXARgCDgMYWAhjIYhDAU+YiMAAFIwex0ZmilMITCGF79TLAGRsAgJYAAZRwSEZGzEABFTOZUrJ5Yn+jwnWgeER6HB7AAKJrADpdXqS4ZqYultTG6azVfqHswPBbtauLY7fayQ7HIbAAAMwBuAEoYw9IBq2Ixs9h2eFMOQYPQObALQKJgggABeYhghCIpikkKRpOQRIknAsZUiIeCttECBEP8NSMCkjDDAARMGziuIYxHwYOjDCMBmDNnAuTxA6irdCOBB1Lh5Dqpqn66tISIykawBnOCtqqC0gbjqc9DgpGkxegOliyfJDrRkAA)
```ts
// Positions of employees in our company.
type MemberPosition = 'intern' | 'developer' | 'tech-lead';
// Interface describing properties of a single employee.
interface Employee {
firstName: string;
lastName: string;
yearsOfExperience: number;
}
// Create an object that has all possible `MemberPosition` values set as keys.
// Those keys will store a collection of Employees of the same position.
const team: Record<MemberPosition, Employee[]> = {
intern: [],
developer: [],
'tech-lead': [],
};
// Our team has decided to help John with his dream of becoming Software Developer.
team.intern.push({
firstName: 'John',
lastName: 'Doe',
yearsOfExperience: 0
});
// `Record` forces you to initialize all of the property keys.
// TypeScript Error: "tech-lead" property is missing
const teamEmpty: Record<MemberPosition, null> = {
intern: null,
developer: null,
};
```
</details>
- [`Exclude<T, U>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1436-L1439) - Exclude from `T` those types that are assignable to `U`.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#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)
```ts
interface ServerConfig {
port: null | string | number;
}
type RequestHandler = (request: Request, response: Response) => void;
// Exclude `null` type from `null | string | number`.
// In case the port is equal to `null`, we will use default value.
function getPortValue(port: Exclude<ServerConfig['port'], null>): number {
if (typeof port === 'string') {
return parseInt(port, 10);
}
return port;
}
function startServer(handler: RequestHandler, config: ServerConfig): void {
const server = require('http').createServer(handler);
const port = config.port === null ? 3000 : getPortValue(config.port);
server.listen(port);
}
```
</details>
- [`Extract<T, U>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1441-L1444) - Extract from `T` those types that are assignable to `U`.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#code/CYUwxgNghgTiAEAzArgOzAFwJYHtXzSwEdkQBJYACgEoAueVZAWwCMQYBuAKDDwGcM8MgBF4AXngBlAJ6scESgHIRi6ty5ZUGdoihgEABXZ888AN5d48ANoiAuvUat23K6ihMQ9ATE0BzV3goPy8GZjZOLgBfLi4Aejj4AEEICBwAdz54MAALKFQQ+BxEeAAHY1NgKAwoIKy0grr4DByEUpgccpgMaXgAaxBerCzi+B9-ZulygDouFHRsU1z8kKMYE1RhaqgAHkt4AHkWACt4EAAPbVRgLLWNgBp9gGlBs8uQa6yAUUuYPQwdgNpKM7nh7mMML4CgA+R5WABqUAgpDeVxuhxO1he0jsXGh8EoOBO9COx3BQPo2PBADckaR6IjkSA6PBqTgsMBzPsicdrEC7OJWXSQNwYvFEgAVTS9JLXODpeDpKBZFg4GCoWa8VACIJykAKiQWKy2YQOAioYikCg0OEMDyhRSy4DyxS24KhAAMjyi6gS8AAwjh5OD0iBFHAkJoEOksC1mnkMJq8gUQKDNttKPlnfrwYp3J5XfBHXqoKpfYkAOI4ansTxaeDADmoRSCCBYAbxhC6TDx6rwYHIRX5bScjA4bLJwoDmDwDkfbA9JMrVMVdM1TN69LgkTgwgkchUahqIA)
```ts
declare function uniqueId(): number;
const ID = Symbol('ID');
interface Person {
[ID]: number;
name: string;
age: number;
}
// Allows changing the person data as long as the property key is of string type.
function changePersonData<
Obj extends Person,
Key extends Extract<keyof Person, string>,
Value extends Obj[Key]
> (obj: Obj, key: Key, value: Value): void {
obj[key] = value;
}
// Tiny Andrew was born.
const andrew = {
[ID]: uniqueId(),
name: 'Andrew',
age: 0,
};
// Cool, we're fine with that.
changePersonData(andrew, 'name', 'Pony');
// Goverment didn't like the fact that you wanted to change your identity.
changePersonData(andrew, ID, uniqueId());
```
</details>
- [`NonNullable<T>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1446-L1449) - Exclude `null` and `undefined` from `T`.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
Works with <code>strictNullChecks</code> set to <code>true</code>. (Read more <a href="https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-2-0.html">here</a>)
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#code/C4TwDgpgBACg9gJ2AOQK4FsBGEFQLxQDOwCAlgHYDmUAPlORtrnQwDasDcAUFwPQBU-WAEMkUOADMowqAGNWwwoSgATCBIqlgpOOSjAAFsOBRSy1IQgr9cKJlSlW1mZYQA3HFH68u8xcoBlHA8EACEHJ08Aby4oKDBUTFZSWXjEFEYcAEIALihkXTR2YSSIAB54JDQsHAA+blj4xOTUsHSACkMzPKD3HHDHNQQAGjSkPMqMmoQASh7g-oihqBi4uNIpdraxPAI2VhmVxrX9AzMAOm2ppnwoAA4ABifuE4BfKAhWSyOTuK7CS7pao3AhXF5rV48E4ICDAVAIPT-cGQyG+XTEIgLMJLTx7CAAdygvRCA0iCHaMwarhJOIQjUBSHaACJHk8mYdeLwxtdcVAAOSsh58+lXdr7Dlcq7A3n3J4PEUdADMcspUE53OluAIUGVTx46oAKuAIAFZGQwCYAKIIBCILjUxaDHAMnla+iodjcIA)
```ts
type PortNumber = string | number | null;
/** Part of a class definition that is used to build a server */
class ServerBuilder {
portNumber!: NonNullable<PortNumber>;
port(this: ServerBuilder, port: PortNumber): ServerBuilder {
if (port == null) {
this.portNumber = 8000;
} else {
this.portNumber = port;
}
return this;
}
}
const serverBuilder = new ServerBuilder();
serverBuilder
.port('8000') // portNumber = '8000'
.port(null) // portNumber = 8000
.port(3000); // portNumber = 3000
// TypeScript error
serverBuilder.portNumber = null;
```
</details>
- [`Parameters<T>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1451-L1454) - Obtain the parameters of a function type in a tuple.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#code/GYVwdgxgLglg9mABAZwBYmMANgUwBQxgAOIUAXIgIZgCeA2gLoCUFAbnDACaIDeAUIkQB6IYgCypSlBxUATrMo1ECsJzgBbLEoipqAc0J7EMKMgDkiHLnU4wp46pwAPHMgB0fAL58+oSLARECEosLAA5ABUYG2QAHgAxJGdpVWREPDdMylk9ZApqemZEAF4APipacrw-CApEgBogkKwAYThwckQwEHUAIxxZJl4BYVEImiIZKF0oZRwiWVdbeygJmThgOYgcGFYcbhqApCJsyhtpWXcR1cnEePBoeDAABVPzgbTixFeFd8uEsClADcIxGiygIFkSEOT3SmTc2VydQeRx+ZxwF2QQ34gkEwDgsnSuFmMBKiAADEDjIhYk1Qm0OlSYABqZnYka4xA1DJZHJYkGc7yCbyeRA+CAIZCzNAYbA4CIAdxg2zJwVCkWirjwMswuEaACYmCCgA)
```ts
function shuffle(input: any[]): void {
// Mutate array randomly changing its' elements indexes.
}
function callNTimes<Fn extends (...args: any[]) => any> (func: Fn, callCount: number) {
// Type that represents the type of the received function parameters.
type FunctionParameters = Parameters<Fn>;
return function (...args: FunctionParameters) {
for (let i = 0; i < callCount; i++) {
func(...args);
}
}
}
const shuffleTwice = callNTimes(shuffle, 2);
```
</details>
- [`ConstructorParameters<T>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1456-L1459) - Obtain the parameters of a constructor function type in a tuple.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#code/MYGwhgzhAECCBOAXAlqApgWQPYBM0mgG8AoaaFRENALmgkXmQDsBzAblOmCycTV4D8teo1YdO3JiICuwRFngAKClWENmLAJRFOZRAAtkEAHQq00ALzlklNBzIBfYk+KhIMAJJTEYJsDQAwmDA+mgAPAAq0GgAHnxMODCKTGgA7tCKxllg8CwQtL4AngDaALraFgB80EWa1SRkAA6MAG5gfNAB4FABPDJyCrQR9tDNyG0dwMGhtBhgjWEiGgA00F70vv4RhY3hEZXVVinpc42KmuJkkv3y8Bly8EPaDWTkhiZd7r3e8LK3llwGCMXGQWGhEOsfH5zJlsrl8p0+gw-goAAo5MAAW3BaHgEEilU0tEhmzQ212BJ0ry4SOg+kg+gBBiMximIGA0nAfAQLGk2N4EAAEgzYcYcnkLsRdDTvNEYkYUKwSdCme9WdM0MYwYhFPSIPpJdTkAAzDKxBUaZX+aAAQgsVmkCTQxuYaBw2ng4Ok8CYcotSu8pMur09iG9vuObxZnx6SN+AyUWTF8MN0CcZE4Ywm5jZHK5aB5fP4iCFIqT4oRRTKRLo6lYVNeAHpG50wOzOe1zHr9NLQ+HoABybsD4HOKXXRA1JCoKhBELmI5pNaB6Fz0KKBAodDYPAgSUTmqYsAALx4m5nC6nW9nGq14KtaEUA9gR9PvuNCjQ9BgACNvcwNBtAcLiAA)
```ts
class ArticleModel {
title: string;
content?: string;
constructor(title: string) {
this.title = title;
}
}
class InstanceCache<T extends (new (...args: any[]) => any)> {
private ClassConstructor: T;
private cache: Map<string, InstanceType<T>> = new Map();
constructor (ctr: T) {
this.ClassConstructor = ctr;
}
getInstance (...args: ConstructorParameters<T>): InstanceType<T> {
const hash = this.calculateArgumentsHash(...args);
const existingInstance = this.cache.get(hash);
if (existingInstance !== undefined) {
return existingInstance;
}
return new this.ClassConstructor(...args);
}
private calculateArgumentsHash(...args: any[]): string {
// Calculate hash.
return 'hash';
}
}
const articleCache = new InstanceCache(ArticleModel);
const amazonArticle = articleCache.getInstance('Amazon forests burining!');
```
</details>
- [`ReturnType<T>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1461-L1464) – Obtain the return type of a function type.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#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-YhAA+qegAAYLKQLQj3ZsEsdccmnGcLor2Dn8xGedHGpEIBzEzspfsfMHDNAANTQACMVaIljV5GQkRA5DYmIpVKQAgAJARO9le33BDXIyi0YuLW2nJFGLqkOvxFB0YPdBSaLZ0IwNzyPkO8-xkGgsLh8Al427a3hWAhXwwHA8EHT5PmgAB1bAQBAANJ24adKWpft72RaBUTgRBUCAj89HAM8xCTaBjggABRQx0DuHJv25P9dCkWRZVIAAiBjoFImpmjlFBgA0NpsjadByDacgIDAEAIAAQmYpjoGYgAZSBsmGPw6DtZiiFA8CoJguDmAQmoZ2QvtUKQLdoAYmBTwgdEiCAA)
```ts
/** Provides every element of the iterable `iter` into the `callback` function and stores the results in an array. */
function mapIter<
Elem,
Func extends (elem: Elem) => any,
Ret extends ReturnType<Func>
>(iter: Iterable<Elem>, callback: Func): Ret[] {
const mapped: Ret[] = [];
for (const elem of iter) {
mapped.push(callback(elem));
}
return mapped;
}
const setObject: Set<string> = new Set();
const mapObject: Map<number, string> = new Map();
mapIter(setObject, (value: string) => value.indexOf('Foo')); // number[]
mapIter(mapObject, ([key, value]: [number, string]) => {
return key % 2 === 0 ? value : 'Odd';
}); // string[]
```
</details>
- [`InstanceType<T>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1466-L1469) – Obtain the instance type of a constructor function type.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#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-YhAA+qegAAYLKQLQj3ZsEsdccmnGcLor2Dn8xGedHGpEIBzEzspfsfMHDNAANTQACMVaIljV5GQkRA5DYmIpVKQAgAJARO9le33BDXIyi0YuLW2nJFGLqkOvxFB0YPdBSaLZ0IwNzyPkO8-xkGgsLh8Al427a3hWAhXwwHA8EHT5PmgAB1bAQBAANJ24adKWpft72RaBUTgRBUCAj89HAM8xCTaBjggABRQx0DuHJv25P9dCkWRZVIAAiBjoFImpmjlFBgA0NpsjadByDacgIDAEAIAAQmYpjoGYgAZSBsmGPw6DtZiiFA8CoJguDmAQmoZ2QvtUKQLdoAYmBTwgdEiCAA)
```ts
class IdleService {
doNothing (): void {}
}
class News {
title: string;
content: string;
constructor(title: string, content: string) {
this.title = title;
this.content = content;
}
}
const instanceCounter: Map<Function, number> = new Map();
interface Constructor {
new(...args: any[]): any;
}
// Keep track how many instances of `Constr` constructor have been created.
function getInstance<
Constr extends Constructor,
Args extends ConstructorParameters<Constr>
>(constructor: Constr, ...args: Args): InstanceType<Constr> {
let count = instanceCounter.get(constructor) || 0;
const instance = new constructor(...args);
instanceCounter.set(constructor, count + 1);
console.log(`Created ${count + 1} instances of ${Constr.name} class`);
return instance;
}
const idleService = getInstance(IdleService);
// Will log: `Created 1 instances of IdleService class`
const newsEntry = getInstance(News, 'New ECMAScript proposals!', 'Last month...');
// Will log: `Created 1 instances of News class`
```
</details>
- [`Omit<T, K>`](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/blob/71af02f7459dc812e85ac31365bfe23daf14b4e4/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1446) – Constructs a type by picking all properties from T and then removing K.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#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-SgfXlHqVUE4xiAA)
```ts
interface Animal {
imageUrl: string;
species: string;
images: string[];
paragraphs: string[];
}
// Creates new type with all properties of the `Animal` interface
// except 'images' and 'paragraphs' properties. We can use this
// type to render small hover tooltip for a wiki entry list.
type AnimalShortInfo = Omit<Animal, 'images' | 'paragraphs'>;
function renderAnimalHoverInfo (animals: AnimalShortInfo[]): HTMLElement {
const container = document.createElement('div');
// Internal implementation.
return container;
}
```
</details>
You can find some examples in the [TypeScript docs](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/advanced-types.html#predefined-conditional-types).
## Maintainers
- [Sindre Sorhus](https://github.com/sindresorhus)
- [Jarek Radosz](https://github.com/CvX)
- [Dimitri Benin](https://github.com/BendingBender)
- [Pelle Wessman](https://github.com/voxpelli)
## License
(MIT OR CC0-1.0)
---
<div align="center">
<b>
<a href="https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/npm-type-fest?utm_source=npm-type-fest&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=readme">Get professional support for this package with a Tidelift subscription</a>
</b>
<br>
<sub>
Tidelift helps make open source sustainable for maintainers while giving companies<br>assurances about security, maintenance, and licensing for their dependencies.
</sub>
</div>
import {PromiseValue} from './promise-value';
type AsyncFunction = (...args: any[]) => Promise<unknown>;
/**
Unwrap the return type of a function that returns a `Promise`.
There has been [discussion](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/pull/35998) about implementing this type in TypeScript.
@example
```ts
import {AsyncReturnType} from 'type-fest';
import {asyncFunction} from 'api';
// This type resolves to the unwrapped return type of `asyncFunction`.
type Value = AsyncReturnType<typeof asyncFunction>;
async function doSomething(value: Value) {}
asyncFunction().then(value => doSomething(value));
```
*/
export type AsyncReturnType<Target extends AsyncFunction> = PromiseValue<ReturnType<Target>>;
import {PromiseValue} from './promise-value';
import {SetReturnType} from './set-return-type';
/**
Create an async version of the given function type, by boxing the return type in `Promise` while keeping the same parameter types.
Use-case: You have two functions, one synchronous and one asynchronous that do the same thing. Instead of having to duplicate the type definition, you can use `Asyncify` to reuse the synchronous type.
@example
```
import {Asyncify} from 'type-fest';
// Synchronous function.
function getFooSync(someArg: SomeType): Foo {
// …
}
type AsyncifiedFooGetter = Asyncify<typeof getFooSync>;
//=> type AsyncifiedFooGetter = (someArg: SomeType) => Promise<Foo>;
// Same as `getFooSync` but asynchronous.
const getFooAsync: AsyncifiedFooGetter = (someArg) => {
// TypeScript now knows that `someArg` is `SomeType` automatically.
// It also knows that this function must return `Promise<Foo>`.
// If you have `@typescript-eslint/promise-function-async` linter rule enabled, it will even report that "Functions that return promises must be async.".
// …
}
```
*/
export type Asyncify<Fn extends (...args: any[]) => any> = SetReturnType<Fn, Promise<PromiseValue<ReturnType<Fn>>>>;
/// <reference lib="esnext"/>
// TODO: This can just be `export type Primitive = not object` when the `not` keyword is out.
/**
Matches any [primitive value](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Primitive).
*/
export type Primitive =
| null
| undefined
| string
| number
| boolean
| symbol
| bigint;
// TODO: Remove the `= unknown` sometime in the future when most users are on TS 3.5 as it's now the default
/**
Matches a [`class` constructor](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes).
*/
export type Class<T = unknown, Arguments extends any[] = any[]> = new(...arguments_: Arguments) => T;
/**
Matches any [typed array](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/TypedArray), like `Uint8Array` or `Float64Array`.
*/
export type TypedArray =
| Int8Array
| Uint8Array
| Uint8ClampedArray
| Int16Array
| Uint16Array
| Int32Array
| Uint32Array
| Float32Array
| Float64Array
| BigInt64Array
| BigUint64Array;
/**
Matches a JSON object.
This type can be useful to enforce some input to be JSON-compatible or as a super-type to be extended from. Don't use this as a direct return type as the user would have to double-cast it: `jsonObject as unknown as CustomResponse`. Instead, you could extend your CustomResponse type from it to ensure your type only uses JSON-compatible types: `interface CustomResponse extends JsonObject { … }`.
*/
export type JsonObject = {[Key in string]?: JsonValue};
/**
Matches a JSON array.
*/
export interface JsonArray extends Array<JsonValue> {}
/**
Matches any valid JSON value.
*/
export type JsonValue = string | number | boolean | null | JsonObject | JsonArray;
declare global {
interface SymbolConstructor {
readonly observable: symbol;
}
}
/**
Matches a value that is like an [Observable](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-observable).
*/
export interface ObservableLike {
subscribe(observer: (value: unknown) => void): void;
[Symbol.observable](): ObservableLike;
}
import {Except} from './except';
import {ConditionalKeys} from './conditional-keys';
/**
Exclude keys from a shape that matches the given `Condition`.
This is useful when you want to create a new type with a specific set of keys from a shape. For example, you might want to exclude all the primitive properties from a class and form a new shape containing everything but the primitive properties.
@example
```
import {Primitive, ConditionalExcept} from 'type-fest';
class Awesome {
name: string;
successes: number;
failures: bigint;
run() {}
}
type ExceptPrimitivesFromAwesome = ConditionalExcept<Awesome, Primitive>;
//=> {run: () => void}
```
@example
```
import {ConditionalExcept} from 'type-fest';
interface Example {
a: string;
b: string | number;
c: () => void;
d: {};
}
type NonStringKeysOnly = ConditionalExcept<Example, string>;
//=> {b: string | number; c: () => void; d: {}}
```
*/
export type ConditionalExcept<Base, Condition> = Except<
Base,
ConditionalKeys<Base, Condition>
>;
/**
Extract the keys from a type where the value type of the key extends the given `Condition`.
Internally this is used for the `ConditionalPick` and `ConditionalExcept` types.
@example
```
import {ConditionalKeys} from 'type-fest';
interface Example {
a: string;
b: string | number;
c?: string;
d: {};
}
type StringKeysOnly = ConditionalKeys<Example, string>;
//=> 'a'
```
To support partial types, make sure your `Condition` is a union of undefined (for example, `string | undefined`) as demonstrated below.
@example
```
type StringKeysAndUndefined = ConditionalKeys<Example, string | undefined>;
//=> 'a' | 'c'
```
*/
export type ConditionalKeys<Base, Condition> = NonNullable<
// Wrap in `NonNullable` to strip away the `undefined` type from the produced union.
{
// Map through all the keys of the given base type.
[Key in keyof Base]:
// Pick only keys with types extending the given `Condition` type.
Base[Key] extends Condition
// Retain this key since the condition passes.
? Key
// Discard this key since the condition fails.
: never;
// Convert the produced object into a union type of the keys which passed the conditional test.
}[keyof Base]
>;
import {ConditionalKeys} from './conditional-keys';
/**
Pick keys from the shape that matches the given `Condition`.
This is useful when you want to create a new type from a specific subset of an existing type. For example, you might want to pick all the primitive properties from a class and form a new automatically derived type.
@example
```
import {Primitive, ConditionalPick} from 'type-fest';
class Awesome {
name: string;
successes: number;
failures: bigint;
run() {}
}
type PickPrimitivesFromAwesome = ConditionalPick<Awesome, Primitive>;
//=> {name: string; successes: number; failures: bigint}
```
@example
```
import {ConditionalPick} from 'type-fest';
interface Example {
a: string;
b: string | number;
c: () => void;
d: {};
}
type StringKeysOnly = ConditionalPick<Example, string>;
//=> {a: string}
```
*/
export type ConditionalPick<Base, Condition> = Pick<
Base,
ConditionalKeys<Base, Condition>
>;
import {ArrayEntry, MapEntry, ObjectEntry, SetEntry} from './entry';
type ArrayEntries<BaseType extends readonly unknown[]> = Array<ArrayEntry<BaseType>>;
type MapEntries<BaseType> = Array<MapEntry<BaseType>>;
type ObjectEntries<BaseType> = Array<ObjectEntry<BaseType>>;
type SetEntries<BaseType extends Set<unknown>> = Array<SetEntry<BaseType>>;
/**
Many collections have an `entries` method which returns an array of a given object's own enumerable string-keyed property [key, value] pairs. The `Entries` type will return the type of that collection's entries.
For example the {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/entries|`Object`}, {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Map/entries|`Map`}, {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/entries|`Array`}, and {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Set/entries|`Set`} collections all have this method. Note that `WeakMap` and `WeakSet` do not have this method since their entries are not enumerable.
@see `Entry` if you want to just access the type of a single entry.
@example
```
import {Entries} from 'type-fest';
interface Example {
someKey: number;
}
const manipulatesEntries = (examples: Entries<Example>) => examples.map(example => [
// Does some arbitrary processing on the key (with type information available)
example[0].toUpperCase(),
// Does some arbitrary processing on the value (with type information available)
example[1].toFixed()
]);
const example: Example = {someKey: 1};
const entries = Object.entries(example) as Entries<Example>;
const output = manipulatesEntries(entries);
// Objects
const objectExample = {a: 1};
const objectEntries: Entries<typeof objectExample> = [['a', 1]];
// Arrays
const arrayExample = ['a', 1];
const arrayEntries: Entries<typeof arrayExample> = [[0, 'a'], [1, 1]];
// Maps
const mapExample = new Map([['a', 1]]);
const mapEntries: Entries<typeof map> = [['a', 1]];
// Sets
const setExample = new Set(['a', 1]);
const setEntries: Entries<typeof setExample> = [['a', 'a'], [1, 1]];
```
*/
export type Entries<BaseType> =
BaseType extends Map<unknown, unknown> ? MapEntries<BaseType>
: BaseType extends Set<unknown> ? SetEntries<BaseType>
: BaseType extends unknown[] ? ArrayEntries<BaseType>
: BaseType extends object ? ObjectEntries<BaseType>
: never;
type MapKey<BaseType> = BaseType extends Map<infer KeyType, unknown> ? KeyType : never;
type MapValue<BaseType> = BaseType extends Map<unknown, infer ValueType> ? ValueType : never;
export type ArrayEntry<BaseType extends readonly unknown[]> = [number, BaseType[number]];
export type MapEntry<BaseType> = [MapKey<BaseType>, MapValue<BaseType>];
export type ObjectEntry<BaseType> = [keyof BaseType, BaseType[keyof BaseType]];
export type SetEntry<BaseType> = BaseType extends Set<infer ItemType> ? [ItemType, ItemType] : never;
/**
Many collections have an `entries` method which returns an array of a given object's own enumerable string-keyed property [key, value] pairs. The `Entry` type will return the type of that collection's entry.
For example the {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/entries|`Object`}, {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Map/entries|`Map`}, {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/entries|`Array`}, and {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Set/entries|`Set`} collections all have this method. Note that `WeakMap` and `WeakSet` do not have this method since their entries are not enumerable.
@see `Entries` if you want to just access the type of the array of entries (which is the return of the `.entries()` method).
@example
```
import {Entry} from 'type-fest';
interface Example {
someKey: number;
}
const manipulatesEntry = (example: Entry<Example>) => [
// Does some arbitrary processing on the key (with type information available)
example[0].toUpperCase(),
// Does some arbitrary processing on the value (with type information available)
example[1].toFixed(),
];
const example: Example = {someKey: 1};
const entry = Object.entries(example)[0] as Entry<Example>;
const output = manipulatesEntry(entry);
// Objects
const objectExample = {a: 1};
const objectEntry: Entry<typeof objectExample> = ['a', 1];
// Arrays
const arrayExample = ['a', 1];
const arrayEntryString: Entry<typeof arrayExample> = [0, 'a'];
const arrayEntryNumber: Entry<typeof arrayExample> = [1, 1];
// Maps
const mapExample = new Map([['a', 1]]);
const mapEntry: Entry<typeof map> = ['a', 1];
// Sets
const setExample = new Set(['a', 1]);
const setEntryString: Entry<typeof setExample> = ['a', 'a'];
const setEntryNumber: Entry<typeof setExample> = [1, 1];
```
*/
export type Entry<BaseType> =
BaseType extends Map<unknown, unknown> ? MapEntry<BaseType>
: BaseType extends Set<unknown> ? SetEntry<BaseType>
: BaseType extends unknown[] ? ArrayEntry<BaseType>
: BaseType extends object ? ObjectEntry<BaseType>
: never;
/**
Create a type from an object type without certain keys.
This type is a stricter version of [`Omit`](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-3-5.html#the-omit-helper-type). The `Omit` type does not restrict the omitted keys to be keys present on the given type, while `Except` does. The benefits of a stricter type are avoiding typos and allowing the compiler to pick up on rename refactors automatically.
Please upvote [this issue](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/30825) if you want to have the stricter version as a built-in in TypeScript.
@example
```
import {Except} from 'type-fest';
type Foo = {
a: number;
b: string;
c: boolean;
};
type FooWithoutA = Except<Foo, 'a' | 'c'>;
//=> {b: string};
```
*/
export type Except<ObjectType, KeysType extends keyof ObjectType> = Pick<ObjectType, Exclude<keyof ObjectType, KeysType>>;
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